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Inclusion health care

Social inclusion by definition is about making all groups of people feel included and valued within their society or community.

Where individuals or groups of individuals are excluded, or feel on the margins of society there is often a direct impact on their health. Certain illness or disability itself can also cause people to be excluded.
 
There are many causes of social exclusion but generally they will be related to a person’s or a communities’ ability to connect with the wider society. Individuals can become excluded but also communities if beliefs differ or there are perceptions of stigma attached to these.

Causes of social exclusion

This can be as a result of a number of factors and often in combination:

  • poverty and financial hardship
  • homelessness; not having a permanent residence 
  • those who’s accommodation is insecure which includes all Gypsy, Roma and Traveller populations
  • understanding the system; includes those who don’t speak English or with language barriers, those with learning disabilities and even mental health issues
  • refugees asylum seekers and migrants to the UK will have a range of health needs and challenges in accessing the system, see below in the resources section, under migrant health care for specific guidance and information
  • those in the criminal justice system; move around frequently and fall between services and face discrimination
  • those who are unable to access services or prevented from accessing support as a result of abuse, domestic abuse or modern slavery or trafficking 
  • ill health physical or mental health can impact on a person’s ability to be included
  • those who are marginalised and feel stigmatised due to their sexuality or gender or perceptions within social and cultural groups of diseases such as TB or HIV.
Health care accessibility and making sure all members of a population can access services lies at the heart of public health.  

Inclusion health care and COVID-19

An Unsafe Distance: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excluded people in England. A briefing on the Doctors of the World UK’s Rapid Needs Assessment of excluded people in England during the COVID-19 pandemic 

Improving the public’s health is about population health care, making sure that services are inclusive and responsive to all sectors of the population. It necessitates breaking down barriers for people to access health and social care.

Those who are most vulnerable either though poor housing, education or access to financial support often have the greatest needs in terms of health care. The evidence tells us that in general they won’t live as long and have much poorer health outcomes.

The reasons for people being excluded are numerous and often complex. It can be as a result of one of more of various factors, for example; unemployment; financial hardship; youth or old age; ill health (physical or mental); substance abuse or dependency including alcohol and drugs; discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, disability, ethnic origin, religion, belief, creed, sexual orientation or gender re-assignment; poor educational or skills attainment; relationship and family breakdown; poor housing (that is housing that does not meet basic habitable standards); crime (either as a victim of crime or as an offender rehabilitating into society).

The report from the Charity Commission, The promotion of social inclusion, sets out the various factors which contribute to people becoming excluded and mechanisms to support greater integration and inclusion.

The term ‘hidden populations’ is often used to describe groups of people who don’t seek out care. Although people themselves may sometimes wish to remain hidden, it is more often that people find it hard knowing where the services they need are or just getting to them or feel unwelcome when they try to access them. It is far too easy to rely on those who seek out health care or attend clinics, providing services for those who ask for it? Rather than searching for health needs and providing services for those who are harder to reach.

Equality and inclusion within health and social care is vital to ensuring people's differences are valued and that people are treated equally and supported to take part in whatever they wish to do but also that services support people in all areas to be able to look after themselves and prevent issues from becoming worse.

All Our Health: Financial wellbeing

This is a bite-sized session to give health and care professionals an overview of financial wellbeing - including key evidence, data and signposting to trusted resources to help prevent illness, protect health and promote wellbeing.

Health inequalities toolkit

Health inequalities toolkit

This RCPCH toolkit on child health inequalities provides information and resources to understand child poverty and to help health care professional support families, advocate for change and influence local services.

Useful resources

RCN and non-RCN resources

Public Health England (PHE) Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT)

The Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT) helps support health care professionals embed equality and equity in service provision and help address health inequalities and improve health outcomes. 

LGBT

Learning disabilities and mental health

Prisons and custody

Further resources

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Page last updated - 22/02/2024

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